The concept of addiction to gambling affecting the whole society in a domino effect could be possible as you describe, but only if a important percentage of society or population is engaged in gambling addiction or problem gambling, otherwise, the effect would not be big enough to affect big institutions which are supposed to provide liquidity and are being default by gamblers. It is a possibility, but it is quite remote, in my opinion.
Mostly, when I think about gambling addiction, all that comes to mind are societal problems, like those you mentioned.
Ironically, depending on how successful the casinos are and the policy of the local government, we could say that even the treasury if the state could benefit from the gambling addiction of part of the population, as part of the income of the casino is supposed to be given by the staff is the casino to the government in the form of taxes. To had more irony, part of those taxes are supposed to be used to rehabilitate problem gamblers.
Addicted gamblers may experience heightened levels of stress, depression, and anxiety, which can manifest in various ways, including increased healthcare utilization and decreased productivity in the workforce. Problem gambling has been linked to higher rates of criminal activity, including theft, fraud, and embezzlement, because those people may resort to illegal means to fund their gambling habits. Gambling establishments contribute to government revenue through taxes, but it would be a bad effect on the ethical responsibilities of policymakers in regulating and addressing issues related to problem gambling.