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Topic: Warning: How many of you Bears have ever been a victim of a Short Squeeze? - page 6. (Read 43772 times)

legendary
Activity: 1162
Merit: 1007
Are you saying that this liquidation would only happen on paper, prior to this credit-based auction? If I'm not misunderstanding, wouldn't this necessitate the trustee to hold BTC?

If so, my thinking is that the trustee must protect creditors (and the court) from a fall in the price of BTC. If, for example, the price of BTC fell over the period of the bankruptcy proceedings, creditors would not be legally required to accept BTC as repayment -- that's the mandate of fiat currency. Then the state is left holding the bag. I don't see the courts approving of such moves.

No, not at all.  I'm saying that they would liquidate the Gox BTC at a public auction.  Anyone could bid, including the Gox creditors.    

However, I expect that somehow some bank or group will provide credit--solely for the purpose of the auction--to the Gox creditors.  This credit would be backed by the expected disbursement of recovered funds.  All creditors will approve of this arrangement (should a willing bank or lender be found) because it would maximize the liquidation value of the BTC at auction. 
hero member
Activity: 826
Merit: 508
Also, say Person A owns 100 BTC and Person B owns $50,000.  If the trustee liquidates everything into JPY, then how much is $1 worth, and more importantly, how much is 1 BTC worth?  If you say Person A is credited with 100 x the BTC liquidation value (adjusted proportionately to cover any missing funds), then wouldn't it be easier just to give them the BTC directly, thereby avoiding the liquidation?  If you say something else, I'd like to hear what it is.  

EDIT: Here's what I think: the trustee will calculate the total shortfall (let's assume 15% of the cash and 30% of the BTC is missing).  Bitcoin holders will have their accounts debited by 30% and a small fiat credit added.  Fiat holders will have their accounts debited by about 22% (whatever is required so that fiat and BTC holders share equally in the % loss).  

The purpose of liquidation is to preserve (fiat) value of assets. If I may reiterate, the courts are not in the business of financial speculation. And it's not a simple matter of debiting USD and BTC ledgers on user accounts, since these are not Gox's only liabilities.

It doesn't matter what's "easier." There's that "convenience" argument again. I just don't see it -- that's not how courts operate. If there is no legal reason to exempt bitcoins from liquidation, then they won't be. The example of stocks, bonds, etc. in regards to Chapter 7 filings that I brought up earlier is relevant here. Actually, I suspect that forcing creditors to speculate on investment vehicles throughout the whole of bankruptcy proceedings is likely illegal in most jurisdictions -- but that's just a guess.

And I don't think that the question of whether bitcoins are legal tender -- thus sufficient to repay creditors in bankruptcy proceedings -- would be a precedent that will be set by a bankruptcy court.


Thanks for the response MAbtc.

In a bankruptcy proceeding, assets are liquidated (like you said) and distributed to the creditors in an equitable manner.  If Person A owns 100 BTC and Person B owns $50,000, the trustee would have to translate Person A's holdings into "dollars" in order to calculate his claim.  Do you expect they would use the liquidation value in $ / BTC to calculate Person A's claim?  I wonder if the creditors would be able to bid on these BTC using some sort of credit arrangement backed by the expected disbursement of recovered funds.  


EDIT: Upon reflection, I think you are right: all assets would be liquidated into USD or JPY.  The trustee and courts would make the Gox BTC holders happy by allowing them to bid on the Gox BTC.  Somehow reasonable credit arrangements would be made available to the Gox creditors for the purposes of this auction.  This credit would be backed by the expected disbursement of recovered funds.


Are you saying that this liquidation would only happen on paper, prior to this credit-based auction? If I'm not misunderstanding, wouldn't this necessitate the trustee to hold BTC?

If so, my thinking is that the trustee must protect creditors (and the court) from a fall in the price of BTC. If, for example, the price of BTC fell over the period of the bankruptcy proceedings, creditors would not be legally required to accept BTC as repayment -- that's the mandate of fiat currency. Then the state is left holding the bag. I don't see the courts approving of such moves.
legendary
Activity: 1162
Merit: 1007
Also, say Person A owns 100 BTC and Person B owns $50,000.  If the trustee liquidates everything into JPY, then how much is $1 worth, and more importantly, how much is 1 BTC worth?  If you say Person A is credited with 100 x the BTC liquidation value (adjusted proportionately to cover any missing funds), then wouldn't it be easier just to give them the BTC directly, thereby avoiding the liquidation?  If you say something else, I'd like to hear what it is.  

EDIT: Here's what I think: the trustee will calculate the total shortfall (let's assume 15% of the cash and 30% of the BTC is missing).  Bitcoin holders will have their accounts debited by 30% and a small fiat credit added.  Fiat holders will have their accounts debited by about 22% (whatever is required so that fiat and BTC holders share equally in the % loss).  

The purpose of liquidation is to preserve (fiat) value of assets. If I may reiterate, the courts are not in the business of financial speculation. And it's not a simple matter of debiting USD and BTC ledgers on user accounts, since these are not Gox's only liabilities.

It doesn't matter what's "easier." There's that "convenience" argument again. I just don't see it -- that's not how courts operate. If there is no legal reason to exempt bitcoins from liquidation, then they won't be. The example of stocks, bonds, etc. in regards to Chapter 7 filings that I brought up earlier is relevant here. Actually, I suspect that forcing creditors to speculate on investment vehicles throughout the whole of bankruptcy proceedings is likely illegal in most jurisdictions -- but that's just a guess.

And I don't think that the question of whether bitcoins are legal tender -- thus sufficient to repay creditors in bankruptcy proceedings -- would be a precedent that will be set by a bankruptcy court.


Thanks for the response MAbtc.

In a bankruptcy proceeding, assets are liquidated (like you said) and distributed to the creditors in an equitable manner.  If Person A owns 100 BTC and Person B owns $50,000, the trustee would have to translate Person A's holdings into "dollars" in order to calculate his claim.  Do you expect they would use the liquidation value in $ / BTC to calculate Person A's claim?  I wonder if the creditors would be able to bid on these BTC using some sort of credit arrangement backed by the expected disbursement of recovered funds.  


EDIT: Upon reflection, I think you are right: all assets would be liquidated into USD or JPY.  The trustee and courts would make the Gox BTC holders happy by allowing them to bid on the Gox BTC.  Somehow reasonable credit arrangements would be made available to the Gox creditors for the purposes of this auction.  This credit would be backed by the expected disbursement of recovered funds.
hero member
Activity: 826
Merit: 508
Gox might have 100,000 BTC.  Assuming this is true, do you think they would dump these coins on BitStamp?  Do you think they would hold an auction?  How would the trustee do his duty to return good value to the creditors?

I imagine, similar to the SR situation, coins would not be dumped on an exchange. Perhaps an auction or series of off-exchange sales approved by the court. I have no idea.

Also, say Person A owns 100 BTC and Person B owns $50,000.  If the trustee liquidates everything into JPY, then how much is $1 worth, and more importantly, how much is 1 BTC worth?  If you say Person A is credited with 100 x the BTC liquidation value (adjusted proportionately to cover any missing funds), then wouldn't it be easier just to give them the BTC directly, thereby avoiding the liquidation?  If you say something else, I'd like to hear what it is.  

EDIT: Here's what I think: the trustee will calculate the total shortfall (let's assume 15% of the cash and 30% of the BTC is missing).  Bitcoin holders will have their accounts debited by 30% and a small fiat credit added.  Fiat holders will have their accounts debited by about 22% (whatever is required so that fiat and BTC holders share equally in the % loss).  

The purpose of liquidation is to preserve (fiat) value of assets. If I may reiterate, the courts are not in the business of financial speculation. And it's not a simple matter of debiting USD and BTC ledgers on user accounts, since these are not Gox's only liabilities.

It doesn't matter what's "easier." There's that "convenience" argument again. I just don't see it -- that's not how courts operate. If there is no legal reason to exempt bitcoins from liquidation, then they won't be. The example of stocks, bonds, etc. in regards to Chapter 7 filings that I brought up earlier is relevant here. Actually, I suspect that forcing creditors to speculate on investment vehicles throughout the whole of bankruptcy proceedings is likely illegal in most jurisdictions -- but that's just a guess.

And I don't think that the question of whether bitcoins are legal tender -- thus sufficient to repay creditors in bankruptcy proceedings -- would be a precedent that will be set by a bankruptcy court.
legendary
Activity: 896
Merit: 1006
First 100% Liquid Stablecoin Backed by Gold
Trustees will do what they want and what the courts will allow.  Also depending on MtGox actions leading up to bankruptcy clawbacks may come into play.
legendary
Activity: 1162
Merit: 1007
Gox might have 100,000 BTC.  Assuming this is true, do you think they would dump these coins on BitStamp?  Do you think they would hold an auction?  How would the trustee do his duty to return good value to the creditors?

Also, say Person A owns 100 BTC and Person B owns $50,000.  If the trustee liquidates everything into JPY, then how much is $1 worth, and more importantly, how much is 1 BTC worth?  If you say Person A is credited with 100 x the BTC liquidation value (adjusted proportionately to cover any missing funds), then wouldn't it be easier just to give them the BTC directly, thereby avoiding the liquidation?  If you say something else, I'd like to hear what it is.  


EDIT: Here's what I think: the trustee will calculate the total shortfall (let's assume 15% of the cash and 30% of the BTC is missing).  Bitcoin holders will have their accounts debited by 30% and a small fiat credit added.  Fiat holders will have their accounts debited by about 22% (whatever is required so that fiat and BTC holders share equally in the % loss).  
hero member
Activity: 826
Merit: 508
But goxcoin holders could just as well argue Bitcoin is cash.

I could also see trustees doing what is easiest and most efficient in terms of returning the monies involved.  Remember gox is an international exchange; I don't see them liquidating into each and every account holders form of fiat.

Goxcoin holders can argue whatever they want. Doesn't change anything. You keep ignoring my points. This isn't about what Goxcoin holders want.If the world worked the way Goxcoin holders wanted, I have a feeling we'd be living in a very different reality.

The currency issue is trivial. If anything, assets would probably be liquidated to JPY.

I am assuming that the creditors in a MtGox bankruptcy proceeding would primarily be the Gox BTC and Gox USD holders.  Do you disagree?

The bankruptcy trustee will try to do what is in the best interest of the creditors.  Do you disagree?

No, I don't. I responded to this point earlier. What you believe are the best interests of the creditors, and what the trustee in bankruptcy believes they are (and what the courts will allow) are likely two very different things.

But goxcoin holders could just as well argue Bitcoin is cash.

I could also see trustees doing what is easiest and most efficient in terms of returning the monies involved.  Remember gox is an international exchange; I don't see them liquidating into each and every account holders form of fiat.

Goxcoin holders can argue whatever they want. Doesn't change anything. You keep ignoring my points. This isn't about what Goxcoin holders want. If the world worked the way Goxcoin holders wanted, I have a feeling we'd be living in a very different reality.

The currency issue is trivial. If anything, assets would probably be liquidated to JPY.

That's ridiculous. It would not be trivial not to mention totally unnecessary. Gox has thousands of customers. And moving it all to yen? Cmon.

It would be much more efficient and expedient for trustees to return whatever currency an account holder had at the time of bk. It is a currency exchange after all.

It's extremely trivial. Banks and currency exchanges do it on massive scales everyday. You're trying to come up with this bizarre "convenience" argument to route around any and all legal precedent. Tell it to the bankruptcy courts. Good luck.

Efficiency and expedience are not characteristic of court systems. An emphasis on legal compliance is. The entire purpose of bankruptcy is to repay value pro rata to creditors -- not to "return whatever currency an account holder had at the time of bk." That is insane. Can you find me any historical examples, precedents where this would indicate payment in anything other than legal tender? These are state court proceedings, not the bitcoin wild west.
legendary
Activity: 1764
Merit: 1002
But goxcoin holders could just as well argue Bitcoin is cash.

I could also see trustees doing what is easiest and most efficient in terms of returning the monies involved.  Remember gox is an international exchange; I don't see them liquidating into each and every account holders form of fiat.

Goxcoin holders can argue whatever they want. Doesn't change anything. You keep ignoring my points. This isn't about what Goxcoin holders want. If the world worked the way Goxcoin holders wanted, I have a feeling we'd be living in a very different reality.

The currency issue is trivial. If anything, assets would probably be liquidated to JPY.

That's ridiculous. It would not be trivial not to mention totally unnecessary. Gox has thousands of customers. And moving it all to yen? Cmon.

It would be much more efficient and expedient for trustees to return whatever currency an account holder had at the time of bk. It is a currency exchange after all.
legendary
Activity: 1162
Merit: 1007
But goxcoin holders could just as well argue Bitcoin is cash.

I could also see trustees doing what is easiest and most efficient in terms of returning the monies involved.  Remember gox is an international exchange; I don't see them liquidating into each and every account holders form of fiat.

Goxcoin holders can argue whatever they want. Doesn't change anything. You keep ignoring my points. This isn't about what Goxcoin holders want.If the world worked the way Goxcoin holders wanted, I have a feeling we'd be living in a very different reality.

The currency issue is trivial. If anything, assets would probably be liquidated to JPY.


I am assuming that the creditors in a MtGox bankruptcy proceeding would primarily be the Gox BTC and Gox USD holders.  The bankruptcy trustee will try to do what is in the best interest of the creditors.  Do you disagree?
hero member
Activity: 826
Merit: 508
But goxcoin holders could just as well argue Bitcoin is cash.

I could also see trustees doing what is easiest and most efficient in terms of returning the monies involved.  Remember gox is an international exchange; I don't see them liquidating into each and every account holders form of fiat.

Goxcoin holders can argue whatever they want. Doesn't change anything. You keep ignoring my points. This isn't about what Goxcoin holders want. If the world worked the way Goxcoin holders wanted, I have a feeling we'd be living in a very different reality.

The currency issue is trivial. If anything, assets would probably be liquidated to JPY.
legendary
Activity: 1764
Merit: 1002
we don't know they'd liquidate the BTC since it's digital.  all physical property sure.

even if they did liquidate BTC held into BK to USD to pay you back, it still would be better assuming the USD price continues to go up from here.

What we do know is that a) there is no legal basis or precedent to indicate that BTC would be exempt from liquidation, and b) there is no legal requirement to repay debts in any form other than fiat currency.

On the second point, I don't understand. I'm saying:

-Liquidate at current prices (whenever BK proceeds)
-Case moves through the system over a period of years
-Goxcoin holders are repaid based on the liquidation price --> What is the price of BTC against USD after years have gone by?

Its your sequence of events I disagree with.

I see liquidation of those coins late in the bk process if at all. Look how long the DOJ is taking with silk roads coins.  If I had goxusd right now, I'd be buying goxBTC at these 90% discounted prices and just waiting it out. You either get appreciated BTC at the end of the long bk process or more usd if they liquidate late in the process. 

Furthermore, if they open up withdrawals soon you can get your coins out immediately before everyone else.


That's not bankruptcy you are talking about.

But of course, it wouldn't happen immediately. My point earlier was that from a long term bull's perspective, selling BTC at Point A and getting fiat down the line at Point B is a bad decision.

Like I said, if it happens, I highly doubt Goxcoin holders will be paid in BTC. Nothing you've said really challenges that, certainly not from a legal perspective.

In regards to the liquidation of BTC in a MtGox bankruptcy event, I suppose it's possible, but I doubt it would happen. 

The important thing to remember is that the people making these decisions would be required to proceed in a manner that maximizes the assets returned to Gox creditors (i.e., the account holders owed Gox USD and Gox BTC).  Bitcoins would only be liquidated if this seemed like the prudent course of action from the point of view of the Gox creditors.  If liquidation is expected to return $0.25 on the dollar, then obviously the creditors would not be in favour of this.   

That's all well and good. The fact is that the best interest of creditors is decided by the trustee. So while Goxcoin holders obviously prefer payment in BTC, the rest of the world (up to and including trustees in bankruptcy) is highly unlikely to view liquidating everything but the bitcoins as prudent.

I'm a long term bull -- most of the world isn't. If you expect bankruptcy courts to magically change the rules for bitcoin such that trustees in bankruptcy are now entering the role of financial speculators -- I don't think so.

For example, in a Chapter 7, stocks, bonds and other investments are generally considered non-exempt. Do you think trustees in bankruptcy decide which investments are good and which are bad? Do you think they liquidate the "bad investments" and distribute the rest -- perhaps a mish-mash of stocks, bonds and commodities --pro rata among creditors? No, they don't. If you think otherwise, I'd appreciate it if you could provide some examples. A trustee's role is to gather non-exempt property of the debtor, liquidate it and distribute the proceeds.

Like I said, I am not an expert on bankruptcy proceedings. But what you are both suggesting appears to have absolutely no basis in any legal system.

Having said that, this is all hypothetical and unlikely.

But goxcoin holders could just as well argue Bitcoin is cash.

I could also see trustees doing what is easiest and most efficient in terms of returning the monies involved.  Remember gox is an international exchange; I don't see them liquidating into each and every account holders form of fiat.
hero member
Activity: 826
Merit: 508
we don't know they'd liquidate the BTC since it's digital.  all physical property sure.

even if they did liquidate BTC held into BK to USD to pay you back, it still would be better assuming the USD price continues to go up from here.

What we do know is that a) there is no legal basis or precedent to indicate that BTC would be exempt from liquidation, and b) there is no legal requirement to repay debts in any form other than fiat currency.

On the second point, I don't understand. I'm saying:

-Liquidate at current prices (whenever BK proceeds)
-Case moves through the system over a period of years
-Goxcoin holders are repaid based on the liquidation price --> What is the price of BTC against USD after years have gone by?

Its your sequence of events I disagree with.

I see liquidation of those coins late in the bk process if at all. Look how long the DOJ is taking with silk roads coins.  If I had goxusd right now, I'd be buying goxBTC at these 90% discounted prices and just waiting it out. You either get appreciated BTC at the end of the long bk process or more usd if they liquidate late in the process. 

Furthermore, if they open up withdrawals soon you can get your coins out immediately before everyone else.


That's not bankruptcy you are talking about.

But of course, it wouldn't happen immediately. My point earlier was that from a long term bull's perspective, selling BTC at Point A and getting fiat down the line at Point B is a bad decision.

Like I said, if it happens, I highly doubt Goxcoin holders will be paid in BTC. Nothing you've said really challenges that, certainly not from a legal perspective.

In regards to the liquidation of BTC in a MtGox bankruptcy event, I suppose it's possible, but I doubt it would happen. 

The important thing to remember is that the people making these decisions would be required to proceed in a manner that maximizes the assets returned to Gox creditors (i.e., the account holders owed Gox USD and Gox BTC).  Bitcoins would only be liquidated if this seemed like the prudent course of action from the point of view of the Gox creditors.  If liquidation is expected to return $0.25 on the dollar, then obviously the creditors would not be in favour of this.   

That's all well and good. The fact is that the best interest of creditors is decided by the trustee. So while Goxcoin holders obviously prefer payment in BTC, the rest of the world (up to and including trustees in bankruptcy) is highly unlikely to view liquidating everything but the bitcoins as prudent.

I'm a long term bull -- most of the world isn't. If you expect bankruptcy courts to magically change the rules for bitcoin such that trustees in bankruptcy are now entering the role of financial speculators -- I don't think so.

For example, in a Chapter 7, stocks, bonds and other investments are generally considered non-exempt. Do you think trustees in bankruptcy decide which investments are good and which are bad? Do you think they liquidate the "bad investments" and distribute the rest -- perhaps a mish-mash of stocks, bonds and commodities --pro rata among creditors? No, they don't. If you think otherwise, I'd appreciate it if you could provide some examples. A trustee's role is to gather non-exempt property of the debtor, liquidate it and distribute the proceeds.

Like I said, I am not an expert on bankruptcy proceedings. But what you are both suggesting appears to have absolutely no basis in any legal system.

Having said that, this is all hypothetical and unlikely.
legendary
Activity: 1162
Merit: 1007
In regards to the liquidation of BTC in a MtGox bankruptcy event, I suppose it's possible, but I doubt it would happen.  

The important thing to remember is that the people making these decisions would be required to proceed in a manner that maximizes the assets returned to Gox creditors (i.e., the account holders owed Gox USD and Gox BTC).  Bitcoins would only be liquidated if this seemed like the prudent course of action from the point of view of the Gox creditors.  If liquidation is expected to return $0.25 on the dollar, then obviously the creditors would not be in favour of this.    
legendary
Activity: 1764
Merit: 1002
we don't know they'd liquidate the BTC since it's digital.  all physical property sure.

even if they did liquidate BTC held into BK to USD to pay you back, it still would be better assuming the USD price continues to go up from here.

What we do know is that a) there is no legal basis or precedent to indicate that BTC would be exempt from liquidation, and b) there is no legal requirement to repay debts in any form other than fiat currency.

On the second point, I don't understand. I'm saying:

-Liquidate at current prices (whenever BK proceeds)
-Case moves through the system over a period of years
-Goxcoin holders are repaid based on the liquidation price --> What is the price of BTC against USD after years have gone by?

Its your sequence of events I disagree with.

I see liquidation of those coins late in the bk process if at all. Look how long the DOJ is taking with silk roads coins.  If I had goxusd right now, I'd be buying goxBTC at these 90% discounted prices and just waiting it out. You either get appreciated BTC at the end of the long bk process or more usd if they liquidate late in the process.  

Furthermore, if they open up withdrawals soon you can get your coins out immediately before everyone else.
hero member
Activity: 826
Merit: 508
we don't know they'd liquidate the BTC since it's digital.  all physical property sure.

even if they did liquidate BTC held into BK to USD to pay you back, it still would be better assuming the USD price continues to go up from here.

What we do know is that a) there is no legal basis or precedent to indicate that BTC would be exempt from liquidation, and b) there is no legal requirement to repay debts in any form other than fiat currency.

On the second point, I don't understand. I'm saying:

-Liquidate at current prices (whenever BK proceeds)
-Case moves through the system over a period of years
-Goxcoin holders are repaid based on the liquidation price --> What is the price of BTC against USD after years have gone by?
legendary
Activity: 1764
Merit: 1002
Let's say gox goes belly up.

Does it really make sense that when the adjudicators are dividing up what little, and I mean little, spoils are left over after the years of litigation, that they'll say that these guys over here will get their dollars back but those guys over there with BTC won't?

No, they'll be legally bound to return whatever form of property you had on gox. It would be way better to come out of that with 90% discounted coins.

Huh

Assets would be liquidated. Why do you assume BTC would not be? I highly doubt that BTC could be exempted from liquidation for any reason, but I am not well versed in bankruptcy law (in Japan, no less).

After liquidation, creditors are repaid, ordered by priority, then pro rata based on what is left. What is this idea that "they'll be legally bound to return whatever form of property you had" based on?

I suspect that the law deems fiat adequate for repayment of such debts.....

isn't BTC money?  

every gov't on the planet seems to recognize it as such.  why do you think they want their taxes from it and calls close to everyone who does business with it money transmitters?  if i owned BTC on gox and needed it to be repaid after BK, i'd take the BTC, not cash.

No precedent for that. No reason to think that choice exists, IMO. The only money that you must legally accept as repayment is fiat money. And I think BTC would be liquidated to fiat years before you could take repayment.

I don't know about "every government on the planet" recognizing it as such -- but that is not relevant here, nor is money transmission. And governments want their taxes on commodity trading as well, don't they? And how about Japan?

Regardless of anything, you have to admit that assuming that bankruptcy trustees will liquidate everything except bitcoin is a giant leap of faith. Do you have a legal basis for that? Regulators, bankruptcy courts and trustees do not necessarily cater to the logic of bitcoiners.

But who knows? I don't. But I wouldn't touch Gox -- I simply think there are better bets to be had.

we don't know they'd liquidate the BTC since it's digital.  all physical property sure.

even if they did liquidate BTC held into BK to USD to pay you back, it still would be better assuming the USD price continues to go up from here.
legendary
Activity: 1666
Merit: 1057
Marketing manager - GO MP
Somehow this looks reminiscent of ppl trading their pirate debt, or matthew's 10kUSD bet. I may be exaggerating but oh well Tongue
legendary
Activity: 1666
Merit: 1057
Marketing manager - GO MP
here's a quick way to get your USD's out of Gox:

Buy Bitcoin!

And that would result in a short squeeze because what? How is that even related to buying Bitcoins?
hero member
Activity: 826
Merit: 508
Gox is trading at about 0.2x other exchanges, meaning you only need to recover 20% of your bitcoins(plus legal fees, ect.) to break even in the event of bankruptcy.
The conundrum for a long term bull: In the event of bankruptcy, Goxcoin holders risk receiving repayment of a % of their holdings years later based on a liquidation price far closer to the present. This means selling near the bottom and getting your fiat back when the price of BTC has risen by      ....
hero member
Activity: 622
Merit: 500
Gox is trading at about 0.2x other exchanges, meaning you only need to recover 20% of your bitcoins(plus legal fees, ect.) to break even in the event of bankruptcy, if you bought now.
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