The Jews were God governing and self-governing. Here is how it worked.
God set up the laws through Moses. God set up the priests along with heads of families to judge the people.
The people didn't have any police. The people could do whatever they wanted. They all policed themselves and each other.
Here's how law enforcement worked. If someone did something that was against the law, he got away with it until someone complained to the heads of family or to the priests. Then the priests made a judgment, and the guilty person paid for his wrongdoing.
That's it. For hundreds of years nobody made any more laws. Everything was based on private property. You did wrong if you broke the law and harmed a person or damaged his property. The only other way you did wrong was to break one of God's ceremonial laws that He gave through Moses. If nobody complained, you got away with it. If someone complained falsely, then the complainer was the one who got punished.
Simple as that. And it works this way in America, as well. Anybody can do anything until somebody complains. Often it is the police who file formal complaints. But if the people knew that they were not guilty if they didn't harm anyone, most of the police complaints would die away. The people don't know, so they agree with the police that they were wrong, and they get punished for their agreement, not for any wrongdoing.
Let's hope to have a king soon?
Best regards.