Very doubtful that the board has been used much.
Part of the speculation issue for this one board is we don't know when the photo was taken. It could've been a test board, it could've been taken before use, maybe it was a bum board, etc.
It looks like only 1 PCI-E power connector has been installed. The hand soldering is expected, because it is a through hole connector placed on the back of the board - a non-standard configuration. Normally, this type of board will be IR reflowed on the top and wave soldered on the bottom. This can't be done with a back-side connector in place, so the connector will have to be hand-soldered as the last step in assembly.
And that's why I was thinking they may have used too high of a temp on their hand technique, or held it for too long. The flux is burnt to a crisp and the area around the pads looks "warmed too much", but the traces aren't raised or bubbled which would indicate over-current.
The discoloured areas are signal connectors - the PCB CAD files show that they are miles away from anything power related. Those are probably the coldest spots on the board, being well away from power circuits and from the ASICs. I cannot explain the discolouration.
Totally concur, that's why I believed it to be a situation of bad hand soldering, or something may have been sitting on that spot.
The board is unlikely to be operable (at least at meaningful hash rate) without a large heatsink - there is no evidence of scratching on the heatsink mounting holes, which would be expected if a heatisnk had been installed and removed. There are no traces of heatsink compound left - so if the board had been used, it has been thoroughly solvent cleaned before photographing. Prolonged use at high temperatures also degrades heatsink compound, with a tendency to make it release silicone oil. Anyone who has serviced or rebuilt graphics cards in mining duty would have seen this. This silicone is very difficult to clean off, even with electronics solvents like IPA.
99.9% Rubbing alcohol gets it off in about 2 firm "polishing" swipes with thick automotive-grade paper wipes, when I've had to do it. It also has the tendency to remove the writing on top of many chips. In the photo closeup, several chips seem to have lost their writing as well, entirely, and some partially. Could be indicative of the cleaning, or simply lighting effect.
My other thought is, it also depends on the heatsink compound. I forget the name of the stuff I use, but it's not your normal stuff, and works better than the well-rated computer stuff. It has no byproduct after prolonged use. Also, it's possible during testing that they merely sat the heatsink on top of the chips, as you can do with KNC gear.
All speculative. Folks shouldn't be so focused on this one board though, whose true history we have no idea about. Fact is, it all sucks.